On September 15th, we witnessed one of the biggest events of blockchain and technology, namely the merge, which is valuable for us in terms of reducing energy consumption and changing the Ethereum supply.

In the graphs below, we can see that after the merger, the miners and blocks created increased, and this shows us that many people support staking and POS consensus system.

but Butrin have also another plan for enhancing Ethereum blockchain.

One of that plans is Sharding which we talk about that in the following description.

Sharding :upside_down_face:

Look at the picture, it has a name, it's the blockchain trilemma. All blockchains try to have all 3 angles of this triangle and eventually every blockchain in L1 chooses 2 of them.

Some blockchains like BTC and LTC and ETH are decentralized and secure because they have a general blockchain and therefore are not scalable.

other blockchains like BNB have scalability and security and are not decentralized because they only have 21 nodes.

the last group like Polkadot uses multichain technology has decentralized and scalable but doesn't have security

But question is : How a blockchain can have all 3 angles of this triangle ???!!

Sharding, Sharding means dividing a large amount into smaller components. This method is intended to improve the performance of Data Storage Centers or DataBase through database splitting, also known as horizontal partitioning. In other words, sharding is a data center architectural pattern that horizontally divides the database into smaller pieces. Each section in this architectural structure is called a shard. The information stored in each shard is unique to that shard and also independent of the data stored in other shards.

What is the benefit of sharding

Using sharding, the database is divided into smaller components. As a result, data management will be easier and the speed of obtaining information will increase

Does sharding have disadvantages?

yes, actually If this technique is executed correctly, we may lose the entire data, another problem is balancing the size of data stored in each shard and the next problem is hardware problems. Data processing machines that conform to the sharding structure are different from other processors. It's not like we can manage a divided database using current hardware.

The Beacon Chain is the coordination mechanism of the new network, responsible for creating new blocks, making sure those new blocks are valid, and rewarding validators with ETH for keeping the network secure

Layer 3 :slightly_smiling_face:

As mentioned, security, scalability, and decentralization are the three areas that every blockchain is looking for, but due to the nature of the distributed ledger, only two of these three properties can be achieved, but the good news is that this problem can be solved by creating more layers .

Layer 2 technology helps to speed up transfers and increases scalability by outsourcing transactions and recording the final transaction in layer 1. According to Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin, layer 2 technologies can help increase the number of transactions per second to 100,000. some of the layer 2s are Zksync, Optimism, Arbitrum, Starknet.

Indeed, using Layer 2 to increase scalability and using Layer 3 to maintain privacy and support platforms other than EVM and customization and custom scaling solutions are becoming more common for specific applications and...

How can create a layer 3 ??

Buterin said that in order to create layer 3, it is possible to modify the zkrollup roll-up method and turn it into layer 3 technology. zkrollup projects include zksync and starknet

Read more : vitalik_layer3

Conclusion

As time goes by, technologies are increasing and improving all the time, it's great to see that we're getting better. With technologies such as sharding and layer 3, achieving all three sides of the triangle : scalability, security and decentralization, is provided for many blockchains, and the emergence of new ideas is formed more quickly.